Twice-daily brushing, daily flossing and antibacterial mouthwash to reduce bacterial load.

Green tea consumption for its antibacterial and deodorising effects on oral bacteria.

Zinc-containing mouthwashes or toothpastes for neutralising volatile sulphur compounds.

Chlorhexidine antibacterial mouthwash for short-term reduction of oral bacteria. Most effective antibacterial mouthwash available.

Swishing coconut or sesame oil in the mouth for 10-20 minutes as an Ayurvedic oral hygiene practice.

Adequate fluid intake to prevent dry mouth which significantly worsens bad breath. Saliva has natural antibacterial properties.

Addressing underlying acid reflux as a cause of chronic bad breath. Gastric acid contributes to oral malodour.

Daily tongue scraping to remove the bacterial biofilm on the tongue surface which is the primary source of bad breath.

Oral probiotic supplementation to compete with odour-producing bacteria in the mouth.

Chewing fresh parsley, mint or other chlorophyll-rich herbs after meals as a natural breath freshener.