Regular application of a fragrance-free, thick emollient (like CeraVe, Aveeno Eczema Therapy, or pure petroleum jelly) is the cornerstone of eczema management.

A mild topical corticosteroid that rapidly reduces inflammation and itch during eczema flares. Available over the counter in many countries.

A non-steroidal prescription ointment that works as well as moderate-strength steroids without causing skin thinning. Particularly useful for the face, neck, and skin folds.

Finely ground oats dispersed in bathwater soothe itch and inflammation. One of the best-tolerated and safest topical treatments, including for infants.

Bathing twice weekly in very dilute sodium hypochlorite solution reduces skin bacteria and significantly improves eczema severity.

Correcting vitamin D deficiency — which is common in eczema patients — may reduce skin inflammation and improve barrier function.

Identifying and removing food triggers (most commonly dairy, eggs, wheat, soy, and nuts) can significantly reduce eczema severity in a subset of patients.

Applying emollient and covering with wet bandages or clothing, then a dry layer. An intensive technique for severe flares that produces rapid symptom reduction.

Specific probiotic strains, particularly Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, may reduce eczema severity by modulating gut-skin axis immune responses.