Graded Exercise Therapy (GET) involves a structured, gradually increasing programme of physical activity tailored to a person's current capacity, aiming to restore normal activity tolerance.

Unrestorative or disrupted sleep is among the most common causes of daytime fatigue. CBT-I and sleep hygiene interventions address both sleep quality and the cognitive patterns that perpetuate poor sleep.

Iron deficiency — even without anaemia — is a common and reversible cause of fatigue, particularly in women of reproductive age. Testing before supplementing is essential.

CoQ10 is an antioxidant essential for mitochondrial energy production. Supplementation may benefit fatigue, particularly in people with mitochondrial dysfunction or those taking statins.

Pacing involves carefully managing activity within an individual's energy envelope — neither overexerting nor underexerting — to prevent post-exertional malaise and build sustainable function.

Rhodiola is an adaptogenic herb with the strongest evidence base among adaptogens for reducing fatigue — particularly mental fatigue and burnout-type exhaustion.

B12 and other B vitamins are essential for energy metabolism. Deficiency — common in vegans, vegetarians, older adults, and those on metformin — causes fatigue, weakness, and cognitive impairment.

A diet low in processed foods and rich in vegetables, omega-3 fats, and antioxidants reduces systemic inflammation, which is associated with fatigue in multiple chronic conditions.

Hypothyroidism — underactive thyroid — is one of the most common and easily treated medical causes of fatigue. Thyroid hormone replacement is effective when deficiency is confirmed.

MBCT adapted for fatigue helps break the ruminative worry and avoidance cycles that perpetuate fatigue, and builds a compassionate, sustainable relationship with energy and rest.