Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for hay fever and superior to antihistamines for nasal symptoms. Work best when started before pollen season.

Second-generation antihistamines provide good relief for sneezing, itching, and runny nose with minimal sedation. Best taken daily throughout pollen season.

The only disease-modifying treatment for hay fever. Gradually desensitises the immune system through controlled allergen exposure. Benefits persist for years after treatment ends.

A leukotriene receptor antagonist that reduces nasal and eye symptoms in hay fever. Useful when antihistamines alone are insufficient, particularly for congestion.

Flushing the nasal passages with saline solution removes pollen, reduces mucosal inflammation, and improves the effectiveness of nasal medication.

A plant extract that has shown antihistamine-like effects for hay fever in clinical trials, without the sedation of first-generation antihistamines.

High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters remove pollen, mould spores, and other allergens from indoor air, reducing the allergen burden at home.

A natural flavonoid found in onions, apples, and capers that stabilises mast cells and has antihistamine-like properties. Used as a natural alternative to antihistamines.

High-dose vitamin C has natural antihistamine properties and antioxidant effects that may reduce allergy severity during pollen season.