Testing and correcting iron deficiency (particularly low ferritin) through dietary iron or supplementation under medical supervision.

Massaging the calves and thighs and performing leg stretches before bed and during RLS episodes.

Maintaining consistent sleep and wake times, cool bedroom temperature and a relaxing pre-bed routine to reduce RLS-related sleep disruption.

Eliminating or significantly reducing caffeine (coffee, tea, energy drinks) and alcohol, particularly in the afternoon and evening.

Daily moderate exercise — walking, yoga, swimming — but avoiding intense exercise close to bedtime which can worsen RLS.