Prescription metformin improves insulin sensitivity in PCOS, helping regulate periods and reduce androgen levels.

Regular exercise throughout the month reduces period pain severity. Even light exercise during menstruation can help.

Eliminating or significantly reducing sugary drinks including soft drinks, fruit juices and energy drinks.

For people with knee or hip osteoarthritis who are overweight, weight loss is one of the most effective interventions — each kilogram lost reduces knee joint load by approximately four kilograms.

Monitoring helps track glucose patterns and treatment response.

A whole-food dietary pattern emphasising vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, olive oil and fish. One of the most evidence-based dietary approaches for sustainable weight management.

Reducing refined carbohydrates, sugar and high-GI foods while increasing vegetables, legumes and whole grains.

Depression and sleep disruption are tightly linked — each worsens the other. Addressing sleep through consistent routines, sleep restriction therapy, and stimulus control can improve both sleep and mood.

Addressing psychological stress through mindfulness, meditation, therapy or lifestyle changes. Stress is a well-recognised trigger for vitiligo onset and progression. Managing stress may slow the autoimmune response driving melanocyte destruction.

Higher fibre intake may improve blood sugar regulation.